Multidimensional impact of tuberculosis on quality of life: physical, psychological, social and economic aspects

Résumé

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem, causing significant morbidity and mortality despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances. In 2022, WHO estimated that 10.6 million people worldwide had contracted the disease, with Africa being the most affected region with a prevalence of 237 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. In Guinea, the incidence is 179 per 100,000 inhabitants with 18,960 confirmed cases in 2021.

The quality of life of TB patients is profoundly impaired, affecting their physical, mental, social and economic dimensions. Various tools, such as the SF-36 and the EQ-5D, make it possible to assess these impacts in a multidimensional manner. Social stigma, psychological reactions (anxiety, isolation) and economic burden aggravate the situation of patients, particularly in developing countries. Comorbidities, such as diabetes, further complicate their quality of life.

Sexual health, although rarely addressed, is also affected. Patients are generally non-contagious after three weeks of treatment, but initial precautions are recommended. Finally, a comprehensive approach, taking into account these multidimensional impacts, is essential to improve interventions and management.